摘要

美国司法部对谷歌的反垄断行动可能危及Chrome、Edge、Firefox和Safari四大浏览器的稳定发展。谷歌通过搜索默认协议，为竞争对手浏览器提供超过80%的开发资金，包括每年向苹果支付180亿美元，向Mozilla支付4.5亿美元，这些资金占Mozilla收入的83%，并覆盖了Safari的大部分成本。Edge浏览器依赖谷歌的Chromium代码库，谷歌贡献了94%的代码提交。司法部意图禁止这些支付，并要求谷歌剥离Chrome，指控其非法维持垄断。苹果和Mozilla对此表示反对，认为这将损害而非促进浏览器竞争。若司法部胜诉，主要浏览器将同时失去资金支持，因Chrome剥离将导致Chromium失去主要支持。反垄断法本为促进竞争，却可能破坏支撑关键互联网工具的金融体系。专家指出，若无替代方案，取消谷歌的资助模式将对网络生态系统造成系统性冲击。

The U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ) is pursuing antitrust action against Google that could destabilize development of all four major browsers: Chrome, Edge, Firefox, and Safari. Google currently funds over 80% of rival browsers' development through search default deals, paying Apple 18BandMozilla18BandMozilla450M annually—covering 83% of Mozilla's revenue and an estimated majority of Safari's costs. Microsoft Edge relies on Google's Chromium codebase, with Google contributing 94% of Chromium commits. The DoJ seeks to ban these payments and force Google to divest Chrome, arguing they illegally maintain monopoly power. Apple and Mozilla oppose the move, warning it would cripple browser competition rather than enhance it. If successful, the case would abruptly strip funding for all major browsers simultaneously, as Chrome's divestment would eliminate Chromium's primary support. Paradoxically, antitrust laws designed to promote competition risk collapsing the financial infrastructure sustaining critical internet tools. Experts warn the web ecosystem faces systemic disruption if Google's "competitor funding" model is dismantled without viable alternatives.