摘要

每年春天，越来越多的人因花粉而鼻塞流泪，或因宠物而眼睛发痒；食物过敏的儿童比例在二十多年间几乎翻倍——这并非偶然，而是一场静默的免疫风暴正在全球蔓延。过敏的本质是免疫系统的“误判”：原本负责抵御病菌的防御部队，将花粉、花生等无害物质错认为危险入侵者，通过一种名为IgE的抗体拉响警报，释放出组胺等化学信号，导致从打喷嚏、荨麻疹到致命的过敏性休克等一系列过度反应。幸运的是，科学正在扭转这一困局。通过“免疫疗法”，医生以极微量过敏原持续训练免疫系统，如同让身体逐渐熟悉“旧敌”，从而降低敏感度；针对顽固的食物过敏，口服免疫粉末与新型肽片段疗法正谨慎推开希望之门，而像奥马珠单抗这样的阻断抗体药物，则能直接“安抚”过度活跃的免疫细胞，为更安全的脱敏过程护航。尤其令人鼓舞的是，以往难治的成人过敏患者也开始迎来专属方案。尽管完全“治愈”过敏仍前路漫漫，但人类正学习与过敏共存，在这场与自身防御系统的谈判中，赢得更多主动与自由。

Every spring, more and more people suffer from nasal congestion and tearing due to pollen, or itchy eyes from pets; the proportion of children with food allergies has nearly doubled over the past two decades—this is no coincidence, but a silent immune storm sweeping the globe. The core of allergy lies in the immune system's "misjudgment": defense mechanisms meant to combat germs mistakenly identify harmless substances like pollen and peanuts as dangerous invaders. Through an antibody called IgE, alarms are triggered, releasing chemical signals such as histamine, leading to a range of excessive reactions from sneezing and hives to life-threatening anaphylactic shock. Fortunately, science is reversing this dilemma. Via "immunotherapy," doctors train the immune system with minimal allergen doses, akin to familiarizing the body with "old foes," thus reducing sensitivity. For stubborn food allergies, oral immune powders and novel peptide fragment therapies are cautiously paving the way for hope, while blocking antibodies like omalizumab directly "soothe" overactive immune cells, ensuring safer desensitization. Notably, hard-to-treat adult allergy patients are now gaining tailored solutions. Though a full "cure" for allergies remains distant, humanity is learning to coexist with them, securing greater autonomy and freedom in this negotiation with our own defense systems.